In order to investigate the ground vibration caused by the operation of pumped storage power stations, taking a pumped storage power station as an example, we established a finite element-infinite element coupling model of “hydraulic load-pipe-surrounding rock” to study the propagation law of hydraulic vibration of the pipeline in the surrounding rock, so as to provide some technical support for the vibration reduction. Firstly, based on hydraulic vibration theory, transfer matrix method and hydraulic impedance method, the method for calculating the hydraulic fluctuating load of the pumped storage power station pipeline is established. Then, the coupling model is used to systematically analyze the influence of the changes of elastic modulus, damping and unit operating state on the propagation of hydraulic vibration of pipeline in the surrounding rock, and the damping measures are proposed. The calculation results show that with the increase of the elastic modulus of rock, the attenuation rate of hydraulic vibration of pipeline in the surrounding rock decreased and the ground vibration caused by hydraulic vibration of pipeline increased. When the damping ratio of the surrounding rock increased in the range of 0.02 to 0.30, the intensity of the surface vibration caused by the hydraulic vibration of pipeline kept decreasing. When the damping ratio increased from 0.02 to 0.10, the surface vibration intensity decreased by 85%-97%; when the damping ratio increased from 0.20 to 0.30, the surface vibration intensity decreased only by 0.1% to 1.0%, which changed relatively little. For this pumped storage power station, when more units are in operation, the resulting ground vibration is greater and the ground vibration intensity during pumping operation is greater than that during power generation operation.