Human-water relationship is one of the most important relationships between human and nature, which has always existed since the emergence of human beings and has become increasingly complex ever since. Based on the analysis and summary of the study on the relationship, we presented the concept and thoughts of human-water relationship discipline, discussed its background and significance, constructed its system framework, and stated its main contents, including theoretical basis, methodology and application practices. Based on the analysis of the development trend of this discipline, its comprehensive and systemic research was prospected, and the strategic layout for the development of the discipline was preformed from three aspects, namely scientific research, discipline construction, and academic communication and international cooperation. This study can provide a reference for the further research of the human-water relationship, the expansion of the contents of this discipline, the development of the discipline system, and the formulation of discipline development strategies.