Titanium dioxide-graphene oxide (TiO2-GO) composites have been synthesized by a hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate the anatase-type of TiO2. Transmission electron microscope shows that TiO2 nanoparticles are evenly distributed on GO sheets. The test of removing organic pollutants in water indicates that TiO2-GO composites behave much stronger adsorption of organic pollutants than GO sheets because the insertion of TiO2 nanoparticles between GO sheets can prevent the aggregation of GO. Compared with single TiO2 nanoparticles, the introduction of GO enhanced absorption in visible light region by TiO2-GO and improved adsorption of organic pollutants in water by TiO2-GO composites. Due to the interactions between TiO2 and GO, the photodegradation mechanism of TiO2-GO composites on Rhodamine B is completely different from that of TiO2 nanoparticles.