Heilongjiang River is an important boundary river which marks the border between China and two other countries. Its river course evolution is not only a natural science problem, but also a grave matter of the increase or decrease of China’s land area. By analyzing the research results of river course evolution and engineering regulation technology of Heilongjiang River in recent 30 years, we summarizes the research progress from three aspects, namely, river course evolution, rainstorm flood and river regulation, and draws the following conclusions. Firstly, the relevant research results of river course revolution and sediment movement of Heilongjiang River are rare and dated, which lacks of systematic and long-term analysis in particular; secondly, the flood and disaster prevention technology of Heilongjiang River has experienced three stages, from passive acquisition to active acquisition and then advanced acquisition; thirdly, limited by the geographical location and climatic conditions, the engineering regulation measures should be carried out with suitable protective materials and simplified layout.