The presence of the river ice cover changes the hydraulic properties around the bridge piers, resulting in increased local scour of the bridge piers. Based on moving bed scour, an indoor model test of a novel anti-scouring structure combining threaded scour-reducing cables and hooked-collar was conducted under ice-covered and open flow conditions to explore the anti-scouring effect of the novel structure on local scour of bridge piers. The test results show that the novel anti-scouring composite structure changes the local erosion mode, and slows down the erosion process of the bridge pier. According to the range analysis and variance analysis, the optimal novel anti-scouring composite structure is consist of a thread diameter of 6.0 mm, a thread angle of 15°and 3 rows of threaded cables; compared with no protection, the maximum scour depth of the bridge piers is reduced by 59.03% under rough ice-covered condition. The threaded anti-scouring cables can increase the surface roughness of the pier, which is conducive to weakening the undercurrent and separating the oncoming water flow in front of the pier to achieve the purpose of effective anti-scouring protection.