There are significant regional differences in extreme climate change in China, and it is necessary to clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics and causes of extreme climate change at the regional scale. Based on daily temperature and precipitation data from 41 meteorological stations in the Haihe River Basin from 1961 to 2020, seven extreme temperature indices and four extreme precipitation indices were calculated and selected. Linear trend method, Mann-Kendall abrupt change test, and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to explore the extreme climate changes in the Haihe River Basin and their relationship with the atmospheric circulation. The results show that the extreme warm indicies in the Haihe River Basin showed a significant upward trend from 1961 to 2020, with TX90p, TN90p and SU25 increasing more greatly in the northeast, south and north regions respectively; whereas the extreme cold indcies experienced a significant downward trend, with TX10p decreasing more greatly in the east and west regions, TN10p and FD0 in the southeast and northwest regions. In addition, the extreme precipitation indicies presented an overall insignificant downward trend, with Rx1day, R95p, PRCPTOT and R10 decreasing more greatly in the southwest, central, southeast and east regions. Furthermore, the atmospheric circulation had an impact on the extreme climate indicies of the Haihe River Basin, with the Arctic Oscillation being the most influential factor. The Arctic Oscillation generally showed a positive relationship with the extreme warm indicies in the Haihe River Basin, but a negative relationship with the extreme cold indicies and extreme precipitation indicies. Additionally, there were multiple resonance periods between the Arctic Oscillation and the extreme climate indicies in the Haihe River Basin.