水资源与水工程学报

高瑞，陈志卿，洪明，景彦强，陈杏子.土壤水分阈值对北疆膜下滴灌棉花生长、耗水规律及产量的影响水资源与水工程学报[J].,2023,34(6):200-209

土壤水分阈值对北疆膜下滴灌棉花生长、耗水规律及产量的影响

Effects of soil moisture threshold on growth, water consumption and yield of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang

DOI：10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2023.06.24

中文关键词: 棉花土壤水分阈值生长耗水产量熵权-TOPSIS 北疆地区

英文关键词:cotton soil moisture threshold growth water consumption yield entropy weight-TOPSIS northern Xinjiang

基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目 (2020A01003-2、2022B02011-1)；新疆水利科技专项资金项目(XSKJ-2022)；新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅创新项目(XJEDU2017T004)

作者	单位
高瑞^1,2，陈志卿³，洪明^1,2，景彦强^1,2，陈杏子^1,2	（1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 3.新疆水利水电科学研究院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830049）

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中文摘要:

为探明北疆地区膜下滴灌棉花主要生育期适宜的土壤水分阈值，在蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期设置了3个土壤水分阈值区间包括（50%~80%）FC（FC为田间持水量）、（60%~90%）FC和（70%~100%）FC组成正交试验，并以当地农户灌溉为对照组（CK），定量分析了各生育期土壤水分阈值对棉花生长指标、耗水规律和产量的影响。结果表明：各生育期土壤水分阈值为（50%~80%）FC时，W1处理棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积指数（LAI）、地表干物质积累量均较CK处理显著降低了26.8%、22.0%、37.1%、14.3%（p＜0.05），全生育期耗水量较CK处理减少了37.2%。W6处理的单株铃数和籽棉产量均最高（6.41 个、5 848.99 kg/hm²），W4处理的水分利用效率（WUE）最高（1.28 kg/m³），W9处理的单铃重最高（5.41 g），W5处理衣分最高（42.51%），分别较CK处理增加了10.9%、10.1%、21.9%、1.5%、3.1%。基于熵权-TOPSIS的综合评价结果表明W6处理最优，建议北疆地区膜下滴灌棉花蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期土壤水分阈值分别设为（60%~90%）FC、（70%~100%）FC和（50%~80%）FC。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the suitable soil moisture threshold for the main growth stages of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang, three soil moisture threshold intervals （(50%-80%) FC (FC is the field water capacity), (60%-90%) FC and (70%-100%) FC) were set up during the bud stage, flowering and boll stage, and boll blowing stage. An orthogonal experiment was conducted, and local farmers’ irrigation scheme was used as a control (CK) to quantitatively analyze the effect of soil moisture threshold on cotton growth indicators, water consumption and yield during each growth stage. The results showed that at (50%~80%) FC, cotton plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index (LAI) and above-ground dry matter accumulation of treatment W1 were significantly reduced by 26.8%, 22.0%, 37.1%, and 14.3% (p＜0.05), respectively, and water consumption in the whole growth period was reduced by 37.2% compared with the treatment CK. The treatment W6 produced the highest number of bolls and seed cotton yield (6.41, 5 848.99 kg/hm²); W4 had the highest water use efficiency (1.28 kg/m³); W9 scored the highest weight of single bolls (5.41 g); W5 presented the highest cotton lint percentage (42.51%). The above indicators of individual treatments were increased by 10.9%, 10.1%, 21.9%, 1.5% and 3.1%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. The comprehensive evaluation results of entropy weight-TOPSIS indicates that W6 is the optimal treatment. It is suggested that the suitable soil moisture thresholds for the bud stage, boll stage and boll blowing stage of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang are (60%~90%) FC, (70%~100%) FC and (50%~80%) FC, respectively.

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