To solve the collapsibility problem of water conveyance channel construction in the loess area of Xinjiang, the loess area in Yili, Xinjiang where a water conveyance project is located was taken as the research object for the indoor physical property test. The transverse and longitudinal soil samples along the channel were collected for the analysis of the collapsibility characteristics, variation rules and collapsibility influencing factors of loess. The research results show that the collapsibility of the left embankment along the transverse section of the water conveyance channel is stronger than that of the right embankment, and the left embankment still has a slight collapsibility up to 13 m below the surface. Moreover, the loess collapsibility along the longitudinal section is mainly manifested as a gradual weakening of the collapsibility from east to west, with the pile No.75+000 as the boundary. Among the influencing factors, pore ratio is positively correlated with the collapsibility, whereas water content, liquid index and plastic index are negatively correlated with it. So the physical properties such as water content, pore ratio liquid index and plastic index can have a certain impact on the collapsibility of loess. The research results can provide some reference for the construction of water conveyance projects such as channels in collapsible loess areas.