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郝有茹, 杨 柳, 朱记伟, 李晟彤, 王 兵.西安市城镇居民阶梯水价优化及节水效果研究水资源与水工程学报[J].,2023,34(6):35-43
西安市城镇居民阶梯水价优化及节水效果研究
Optimized tiered water pricing and water saving effect of residential water use of urban Xi′an
  
DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2023.06.05
中文关键词:  城镇居民用水  阶梯水价  定价模型  优化方案  节水效果  西安市
英文关键词:urban residential water use  tiered water price  pricing model  optimization scheme  water-saving effect  Xi’an City
基金项目:陕西省水利科技计划项目(2022slkj-1);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(20JT052)
作者单位
郝有茹1,2, 杨 柳1,2, 朱记伟1,2, 李晟彤3, 王 兵1,2 (1.西安理工大学 省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室 陕西 西安 710048 2.陕西高校新型智库 生态水利与可持续发展研究中心陕西 西安 710048 3.陕西省水工程勘察规划研究院 陕西 西安 710003) 
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中文摘要:
      阶梯水价对于抑制城镇居民不合理用水具有重要现实意义。为了更好地发挥其杠杆作用,分析了西安市现行阶梯水价情况,采用供求关系定价模型,测算了2000—2020年水价、人均用水量及人均可支配收入的相关性和弹性系数,从用水量标准、居民接受度、加大阶梯水价级差、水费支出系数角度设计了4种阶梯水价优化方案,分析其节水效果,预测了未来几年水费支出系数。结果表明:西安市水费支出系数较小,阶梯水价应适当提高;水价、人均用水量与人均可支配收入存在显著的相关性,水价和人均可支配收入的弹性系数分别为-0.476、0.329;4种阶梯水价优化方案的一阶水价提升范围为0.71~1.30元/m3,均能在不同程度发挥节水作用,其中方案4阶梯水价提升幅度最高,节水效果最佳,方案1和方案3从城市居民生活用水标准出发,适度提高水价,节水效果居中,方案2阶梯水价及水量调整幅度较小,节水效果较差;长期保持同一水价,水费支出系数会逐渐减少。研究成果可为城镇居民阶梯水价改革提供参考。
英文摘要:
      Tiered water pricing is an effective water conservation measure in curbing irrational water consumption among urban residents. An analysis of the current tiered water pricing situation in Xi’an was conducted in order to take full advantage of the leverage effect of the pricing method. This study utilized a supply and demand pricing model to calculate the correlation and elasticity coefficients between water price, per capita water consumption, and per capita disposable income from 2000 to 2020. Four optimized tiered water price schemes were designed from the perspectives of water consumption standards, residents’ acceptance, increment of tiered price differentials, and water expenditure coefficient. The water-saving effects of these four schemes were analyzed and the water expenditure coefficient were projected for the coming years. The results show that Xi’an’s water expenditure coefficient is relatively low and the tiered water price should be increased appropriately. There is a significant correlation between water price, per capita water consumption and per capita disposable income, with the elasticity coefficients of water price and per capita disposable income reaching -0.476 and 0.329, respectively. The increment of the first tier of water pricing in all four schemes could effectively promote water conservation, which ranges from 0.71 to 1.30 CNY/m3. Scheme four exhibits the highest increase in tiered water price and the best water-saving effect. Schemes one and three moderately increase water prices based on urban residents’ water consumption standards, both of which yield moderate water-saving effects. Scheme two only involves a small adjustment in water price and consumption, resulting in unfavorable water-saving effect. Maintaining the same tariff for a long period of time will lead to a gradual reduction in the water expenditure coefficient. The findings of this study can provide some reference for the reform of tiered water price for urban residents.
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