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孙永寿, 李 燕, 杨 芳, 刘义花.变化环境下“中华水塔”水资源及产流规律变化分析研究水资源与水工程学报[J].,2023,34(3):55-63
变化环境下“中华水塔”水资源及产流规律变化分析研究
Corresponding changes of water resources and runoff generation mechanism in “China Water Tower”under changing environment
  
DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2023.03.07
中文关键词:  水资源  环境变化  产流规律  水文气象要素  中华水塔
英文关键词:water resources  environmental change  runoff generation mechanism  hydrometeorological element  China Water Tower
基金项目:青海省科技厅基础研究计划项目(2021-ZJ-757);青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”项目;第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0203-07)
作者单位
孙永寿1, 李 燕1, 杨 芳1, 刘义花2 (1.青海省水文水资源测报中心 青海 西宁 810001 2.青海省气候中心, 青海 西宁 810001) 
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中文摘要:
      受全球气候变暖的影响,“中华水塔”地区正面临着以“变暖变湿”为主的气候变化。受气候及下垫面条件的综合影响,区域水资源显著增加,各流域产流机理在空间上呈现出明显的地区差异特征。基于“中华水塔”区域1956—2020年水文气象资料,通过趋势、突变、距平等分析方法,分析其水文要素和产流规律的变化趋势、特征及相互之间影响关系。结果表明:近年来“中华水塔”区域气温显著升高,蒸发能力总体增强,区域进入丰水期,降水、径流显著增加,在同等降水径流尺度下,黄河源区产流能力有所降低,长江、澜沧江源区产流能力明显增强;气温升高、降水量持续偏丰以及流域前期影响雨量(蓄水量)增加、枯季径流比例提高、下垫面生态持水能力增强是引起区域产流规律变化、水资源量增加的主要原因。
英文摘要:
      Under the impact of global warming, China Water Tower is undergoing warming and wetting dominated climate change. Affected by the influence of climate and underlying surface conditions, the water resources increased significantly in this area, and the runoff mechanism showed obvious regional differences. Based on the data of hydrometeorological elements in China Water Tower from 1956 to 2020, we analyzed the hydrological elements, the change and trend characteristics of runoff capacity, as well as the mutual influencing mechanism among them, using trend, abrupt change and anomaly analysis methods. The results show that during the study period, the air temperature and evaporation capacity have all increased, resulting in a significant increase in precipitation and runoff, which indicates that the study area has entered the wet season. At the same precipitation and runoff scale, the runoff capacity decreased in the source area of the Yellow River, but increased in that of the Yangtze River and Lancang River. The increased temperature, continuously abundant rainfall, initial rainfall increase of the basin, increased runoff in dry season and enhanced ecological water holding capacity of the underlying surface are the main reasons for the change of runoff capacity and the increase of water resources in China Water Tower area.
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