以湟水河流域的湟乐水电站为例，基于自然水流范式计算河道内适宜生态流量和生态基流，以生态流量为主要约束建立径流引水式小水电生态-发电协同优化模型，利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法得到引水发电流量的Pareto解，研究成果对指导径流引水式小水电的生态调度和运行管理具有重要指导价值。结果表明：滑动t检验法诊断西宁水文站年径流量时间序列的突变点是2000年，经还原后得到1956—2000年多年平均天然径流量为41.3 m3/s；适宜生态流量在年内枯水期、平水期和丰水期展布的同期比分别是0.60、0.41和0.42，达到了“极好”标准；以传统Tennant法“一般”标准确定的非汛期生态基流为4.13 m3/s、汛期生态基流为12.4 m3/s；采用生态-发电协同优化模型计算多年平均来水条件下湟乐水电站的年发电量为634.29×104 kW·h，枢纽下泄流量均满足减水河段生态流量需求；多年来水条件下湟乐水电站等效减排6 323.9 t CO2，电站的减排生态效益为188.45×104元，发电经济效益为134.47×104元。
英文摘要:
Taking the Huangle Hydropower Station in the Huangshui River Basin as an example, the suitable ecological flow and ecological base flow of the river channel were calculated based on the natural water flow paradigm. With ecological flow as the main constraint, a synergistic optimization model of ecological protection and power generation for small hydropower stations of runoff diversion type was established, and the Pareto solution of water diversion power generation flow was obtained using NSGA-Ⅱ. The research has high instructive values for the ecological dispatch and operation management of runoff diversion type small hydropower stations. The results show that the abrupt change point of the annual runoff time series of Xining Hydrological Station is 2000 diagnosed by sliding t test, and the average natural runoff is 41.3 m3/s from 1956 to 2000 according to the calculation. The distribution ratios of the suitable ecological flow in the low-flow period, level water period and high-flow period are 0.60, 0.41 and 0.42, respectively, and the ecological flow has reached the “excellent” standard. The “general” standard of Tennant method is recommended for the determination of the ecological base flow, according to which the ecological base flow is 4.13 m3/s in non-flood season and 12.4 m3/s in flood season. The annual power generation is 6.342 9×106 kW·h calculated by the ecological protection-power generation synergistic optimization model under the condition of multi-year average inflow, and the discharge flow of the hydropower station hub meets the ecological flow requirements of the water-reducing reaches. The Huangle Hydropower Station has equivalently reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 6, 323.9 tons under multi-year average flow conditions, the ecological benefit of emission reduction is 1.884 5×106 yuan, and the economic benefit of power generation is 1.344 7×106 yuan.