水资源与水工程学报

独亮亮，张金霞，任芳芳，吴庆安，刘兴荣，丁林，赵霞.碎麦秸垫膜覆盖对民勤绿洲食葵产量及土壤酶活性的影响水资源与水工程学报[J].,2023,34(1):216-224

碎麦秸垫膜覆盖对民勤绿洲食葵产量及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of mulching with crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film on sunflower yield and soil enzyme activities in Minqin Oasis

DOI：10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2023.01.26

中文关键词: 碎麦秸垫膜覆盖食葵生长动态土壤酶活性产量民勤绿洲

英文关键词:crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film mulching sunflower growth dynamics soil enzyme activity yield the Minqin Oasis

基金项目:甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021B-138)；国家自然科学基金项目(51509039)；甘肃省2021年度重点人才项目(2021RCXM066)；甘肃省科学院应用研究与开发项目(2021JK-07)；甘肃省水利科研与技术推广项目(202204)

作者	单位
独亮亮¹，张金霞¹，任芳芳¹，吴庆安¹，刘兴荣²，丁林³，赵霞¹	（1.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院，甘肃兰州 730070； 2.甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所，甘肃兰州 730000； 3.甘肃省水利科学研究院，甘肃兰州 730000）

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中文摘要:

为解决民勤绿洲灌区水资源短缺、土壤耕层状况恶化、食葵产量不佳等问题，在民勤灌区设置无覆盖（CK）、秸秆覆盖（S）（秸秆量为4 500 kg/hm²）、地膜覆盖（F）、碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）（秸秆量为4 000 kg/hm²）、碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₂）（秸秆量为4 500 kg/hm²）5个处理，采用当地农户普遍的灌溉水平（750 m³/hm²），研究了食葵生长状况及土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明：碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）处理下土壤温度显著高于其他处理，并且有着更高的保水效果，保证了食葵的正常生长发育；碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）条件下平均出苗率较CK处理提高了12.1%（P<0.05），较S处理的出苗率提高了9.7%（P<0.05）；碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）条件下食葵产量达到4 780.95 kg/hm²，较SF₂、F、S、CK处理分别提高了2.8%（P>0.05）、7.3%（P>0.05）、34.1%（P<0.05）、44.7%（P<0.05），且在碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）处理下食葵的株高、茎粗、叶面积均为最优，与CK、S、F处理均呈显著性差异(P<0.05），该覆盖方式更有利于食葵干物质的积累；碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF₁）条件下的土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著高于CK、S、F、SF₂处理，且全生育期表现基本一致。可见，碎麦秸垫膜覆盖可解决民勤绿洲秸秆覆盖引起的土壤温度低、保水率差、出苗率低和产量低等问题，也可改善长期单一地膜覆盖而引起的地力下降的情况。

英文摘要:

In order to solve the problems of water resources shortage, deteriorated cultivated soil and poor yield of sunflower in Minqin Oasis Irrigation Area, five treatments were set up, including no mulching (CK), straw mulching (S) (straw amount was 4, 500 kg/hm² ), plastic film mulching (F), crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film mulching (SF₁) (straw amount was 4, 000 kg/hm²) and crushed wheat straw and plastic film mulching (SF₂) (straw amount was 4, 500 kg/hm²). With the general irrigation level adopted by the local farmers (750 m³/hm²) as the irrigation quota, the growth status of sunflower and the changes of soil enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that under SF₁ treatment, the soil thermal condition was significantly improved, which was beneficial for water storage in soil and provided more water for the sunflower growth. The seedling rate of SF₁ was 12.1 % higher than that of CK (P<0.05), and 9.7 % higher than that of S (P<0.05). The yield of SF₁ reached 4, 780.95 kg/hm², which was 44.7 % higher than CK (P<0.05), 2.8 % higher than SF₂ (P>0.05), 7.3 % higher than F (P>0.05) and 34.1 % higher than S (P<0.05). The plant height, stem diameter and leaf area under SF₁ treatment were optimal compared with the other treatments, which were significantly different from those of CK and S treatment (P<0.05), so SF₁ treatment was more beneficial for the dry matter accumulation. In addition, the soil urease activity and sucrase activity under SF₁ were significantly higher than those under CK, S and F treatments and the performance was basically the same during the whole growth period. Therefore, the crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film mulching can solve the problems of low soil temperature, poor water retention rate, low seedling rate and low yield caused by single straw mulching in the Minqin Oasis, and also improve the soil fertility decline caused by long-term single plastic film mulching. So, SF₁ treatment is recommended to be the optimal mulching for the Minqin Oasis Irrigation Area in northwest arid region of China.

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