Songzi Estuary is an important channel for water and sediment transportation from the Yangtze River to the Dongting Lake. The construction of reservoir groups in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has changed its pattern of water and sediment transportation, which has a certain impact on the health of the river and lake. The interannual and abrupt changes of water and sediment of the Dahukou River in the East Songzi Branch are analyzed and a health assessment model of the Dahukou River considering water and sediment process is established, based on the measured water and sediment data from 1991 to 2017. With this model, the health condition of the Dahukou River is evaluated and its change trend is analyzed from the following three aspects, physical form, ecological environment and social service. The results show that the annual runoff of the Dahukou River experienced no significant change from 1991 to 2017, but the sediment transport declined drastically, reaching 98.5%. According to the abrupt change analysis, the time nodes of water and sediment abrupt change were 1997, 2003 and 2006, which were consistent with the construction and operation time of the upstream reservoirs. The health assessment of the Dahukou River show that the overall health of the Dahukou River was in the medium level, if the current condition of water and sediment remain unchanged, the health level of the Dahukou River would present a downward trend, so further control and restoration measures should be implemented.