The climatic characteristics and evolution of extreme precipitation are of great significance to the prevention and control of urban waterlogging, water environmental pollution control, and the construction of sponge cities. Based on the daily precipitation data from 67 national meteorological observatories in Jiangsu Province from 1961 to 2020，the trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis are used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and changing trends of heavy and extremely heavy precipitation, as well as the effects of the Meiyu Belt movement on extreme precipitation in the Huai River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that the area along the Yangtze River had the largest amount of precipitation. Heavy precipitation and extremely heavy precipitation contributed 34.5% and 11.9% of the annual precipitation, respectively, and one-third of the extreme precipitation events occurred from late June to mid-July. In most areas of Jiangsu Province, extreme precipitation, rainy days and rainfall intensity showed an increasing trend, but only the increasing trend of the Yangtze River Basin passed the significance test. The inter-decadal rain intensity of extreme precipitation fluctuated slightly, whereas the inter-decadal rainfall fluctuated greatly; however, there is no significant correspondence between the inter-decadal fluctuations and the average state of extreme precipitation. The north-south movement of the Meiyu belt had a significant impact on extreme precipitation. In the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin in Jiangsu area, the annual precipitation anomalies were associated with strong precipitation, so in the year of abnormally high precipitation, the probability of extreme precipitation events was relatively high. The heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin in Jiangsu area have increased and decreased many times during recent 60 years. After 2010, extreme precipitation events started to increase, with a significant increment in rainfall and rainy days in the Yangtze River Basin, most of which started early but finished late with a prolonged duration.