In order to obtain the ground displacement variation caused by shield tunnel construction, the complex function is used to obtain the analytical solution of the tunnel after shield excavation based on displacement controlled boundary conditions. In the calculation and analysis process, the displacement release coefficient is introduced, and the displacement process of lining lagging behind the excavation surface is fully considered. The theoretical calculation solution is corrected by setting the displacement constraint point, in order to obtain a more accurate surface relative displacement. Then, four actual shield tunnel projects are selected for the case study with the consideration of four typical cavern displacement boundary conditions. The initial solution of the surface displacement obtained by the theoretical calculation is compared with the corrected solution and the field measured data. The results show that no matter which kind of cavern displacement boundary condition is selected, the consistency between the corrected surface displacement value and the measured value is significantly improved compared with the initial solution, among which the corrected surface displacement solution calculated by the fourth displacement boundary condition has the highest consistency with the measured value. Finally, the influence of different displacement release coefficients, buried depths and radii on surface displacement is analyzed using the fourth cavern displacement as the boundary condition. The results show that the surface settlement and influence range decrease with the increase of the displacement release coefficient; with the increase of the buried depth, the surface settlement decreases but the width of the settlement trough and the tunnel radius increase; the larger the surface settlement and the wider the influence range.