Meteorology is an important factor that affects the safe operation of long-distance water conveyance channels, the prediction of the meteorological characteristic indices that affects the ice generation and development is critical for safe and efficient water conveyance in winter. To explore the traditional Chinese calendar’s role in the analysis of radiation and temperature, taking Xingtai, Baoding and Beijing stations in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as research objects, this study compares the correlation between the pre-winter temperature and the characteristic indices under different calendars. Then the LSTM model is used to predict the characteristic indices under three different systems: the Gregorian calendar, the Sexagenary cycle calendar and the lunar calendar, so as to examine their influences on the analysis and prediction of the characteristic indices. The results show that the correlation between pre-winter temperature and characteristic indices is stronger in lunar calendar system, and the meteorology and ice prediction model has better accuracy and superiority in the lunar calendar than in the Gregorian and the Sexagenary cycle calendar.