Affected by the dual effects of climate change and human activities, the natural runoff series of river basins are experiencing spatial-temporal evolution. The study on the evolution of runoff series and its driving factors under the changing environment and the prediction of future runoff under different climate modes are of great significance to water resources management and long-term planning of river basins. The comprehensive and comparative study on the relevant research methods are carried out under the current changing environment, including the test of runoff evolution trend, the attribution analysis of runoff variation and prediction of future runoff trend. The results show that the combination of multiple test methods is better than any individual test, and the results of the combined test methods are more reliable. The impacts of climate change and human activities vary greatly in different river basins and different periods. The uncertainty of future runoff prediction results is caused by the choice of climate model, hydrological model and down-scaling method etc. The results can provide some new ideas and scientific references for the study of runoff evolution and driving factors under changing environment.