The Jialing River Basin is an important water source area for the Chengdu and Chongqing economic circle, and the status change of its water resources has a significant impact on the realization of new development pattern in China. Here, the hydrologic process of Jialingjiang River Basin was simulated based on SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model to explore the temporal and spatial distribution features of blue and green water in this area in some typical years and during the period of 1981-2020, and then Mann-Kendall (M-K) test was used to analyze the interannual variation trend of blue and green water. The results showed that the average annual precipitation in the basin was 931 mm, which was the sum of the quantity of blue and green water resources; the annual average of the quantity of blue water resources was 386 mm, accounting for 41.5% of the precipitation, and that of green water resources was 545 mm, accounting for 58.5% of the precipitation. As a whole, precipitation and green water resources presented an upward trend in the period of 1981-2020; whereas blue water resources showed a downward trend. Blue water resources was 165.61, 456.71 and 643.70 mm in very low, normal and very high flow years, respectively, and green water coefficient varied greatly in the typical years. The spatial distribution characteristics of blue water resources, green water resources and precipitation within the basin were similar, showing a spatial pattern of first decreasing and then increasing from the upstream to the downstream, and less in the west but more in the east.