水资源与水工程学报

赵园园，洪明，曲俊杉，谢香文，马晓鹏.灌水定额对和田滴灌日光温室辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响水资源与水工程学报[J].,2021,32(6):222-228

灌水定额对和田滴灌日光温室辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of irrigation quota on growth, yield and quality of greenhouse capsicums under drip irrigation in Hetian

DOI：10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2021.06.30

英文关键词:drip irrigation greenhouse irrigation quota capsicum yield Hetian Prefecture

基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目（2020A01003-2）；新疆水利科技专项经费项目(TG2020-1)；新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅创新项目(XJEDU2017T004)

作者	单位
赵园园^1,2，洪明^1,2，曲俊杉^1,2，谢香文³，马晓鹏³	（1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 3.新疆农科院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091）

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中文摘要:

为了探寻和田地区滴灌日光温室辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）适宜的灌水定额，为当地制定设施蔬菜节水高效的滴灌灌溉制度提供参考，采用定周期变定额的灌溉试验，研究灌水定额对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响。试验设置5个灌水定额水平，分别为14.1 (I1)、18.7 (I2)、23.4 (I3)、28.1 (I4)和32.8 mm(I5)，并以当地农户的灌水定额(CK)作为对照。结果表明：随着灌水定额的增加，辣椒株高和叶绿素含量增大，茎粗先增大后减小，除I5处理的株高和叶绿素含量外，I1~I5处理的辣椒各生长指标较CK处理均差异显著（P<0.05）。I1~I5处理的两茬辣椒产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）较CK均有显著提升（P<0.05）；试验各处理中随灌水定额的增加，辣椒产量和各品质指标均呈现先增大后减小的趋势，IWUE呈逐渐减小的趋势；I3处理的两茬辣椒产量均最高，分别为38 226、54 269 kg/hm²，品质也最优；两茬中I1处理的IWUE最高，分别为8.52、6.14 kg/m³；灌水定额小于I3时，增加灌水定额会显著提高辣椒产量和品质，但对辣椒的IWUE影响不显著，灌水定额大于I3后，辣椒产量与品质随灌水定额的增加而降低，同时辣椒的IWUE也显著减小。综合考虑辣椒的产量与品质，和田地区与试验点种植条件相近的滴灌日光温室辣椒适宜的灌水定额为23.4 mm。

英文摘要:

Finding a suitable irrigation quota for greenhouse capsicums（Capsicum annuum L.） under drip irrigation can provide a reference for the establishment of a water-saving and efficient drip irrigation schedule for the facility vegetables in Hetian region. Field irrigation experiments with fixed irrigation frequency and changing irrigation quotas were carried out in Hetian County to study the effects of irrigation quota on the growth, yield, and quality of greenhouse capsicums. Five irrigation quotas were set, which were 14.1 mm (I1), 18.7 mm (I2), 23.4 mm (I3), 28.1 mm (I4), 32.8 mm (I5), and the irrigation quota of local farmers (CK) was used as a control. The results showed that with the increase of the irrigation quota, the plant height and chlorophyll content of the capsicums increased and the stem thickness increased first and then decreased. Except for the plant height and chlorophyll content of treatment I5, the growth indexes of treatment I1-I5 were obviously higher than those of CK (P<0.05). The yield, quality and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in two harvests of treatment I1-I5 were significantly improved compared with CK (P<0.05). In each treatment, with the increase of the irrigation quota, the yield and quality indexes showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and IWUE gradually decreased. The highest yield was seen in treatment I3 in two harvests with optimal quality, which were 38, 226 and 54, 269 kg/hm², respectively. The IWUE of treatment I1 in two harvests were the largest, which were 8.52 and 6.14 kg/m³, respectively. When the irrigation quota was less than I3, increasing irrigation quota significantly improved the yield and quality of capsicums; however, no significant effect on the IWUE was seen. When irrigation quota was greater than I3, the yield and quality of capsicums were significantly reduced, so was the IWUE. With the consideration of the yield and quality, the recommended irrigation quota is 23.4 mm for greenhouse capsicums under drip irrigation with similar planting conditions in Hetian experiment site.

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