In order to develop a type of artificial reef that is beneficial for the proliferation of both fish and benthos, a novice open aperture square artificial reef with a shutter close to the bottom was proposed based on the open aperture square artificial reef without shutter of Mingbo Marine Ranch in Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province. Based on CFD simulation and wave flow mechanics theory, Fluent was used to carry out numerical simulation of flow field characteristics of the square artificial reefs with and without shutter under different aperture opening ratios, and the flow field distribution characteristics of upwelling, wake vortex and areas under the shutter were compared under five conditions of inflow velocities. The simulated results showed that the novice open aperture square artificial reef with shutter under the aperture opening ratio of 0.11 has a higher upwelling height, a larger area of wake vortex area and a wider range of upwelling than the reef bodies with other opening ratios, but the opening ratio does not affect the slow flow area under the shutter. This novice artificial reef can create a better flow field for the proliferation of benthos, as well as promote fish proliferation under the condition of the same aperture opening ratio and flow velocity. The improvement effect is the most significant when the aperture opening ratio is 0.11. The research results can provide new ideas and guidance for the practical engineering of artificial reefs.