In order to clarify the current status of groundwater “three nitrogen” pollution in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang and its impact on the health of local residents, 76 sets of groundwater samples were collected to test the contents of “three nitrogen”, namely NH4+—N, NO2-—N, and NO3-—N, and their respective pollution characteristics were analyzed. Then the health risk assessment model was used to assess the non carcinogenic risk of different groups of people under the exposure route of drinking water. The results show that the NO3-—N pollution of groundwater in Hotan was the most severe, with an over standard rate of 2.63%, its ranges of non carcinogenic risk index for humans were 0~8.438×10-1 (adults) and 0~2.360 (children). Followed by NH4+—N, its over standard rate was 1.32%, and the ranges of non carcinogenic risk index for humans were 0~3.689×10-2 (adults) and 0~1.032×10-1 (children); whereas NO2-—N did not have any point exceeding the standard, its ranges of non carcinogenic risk index were 0~8.573×10-3 (adults) and 0~2.398×10-2 (children).The non carcinogenic risks of NH4+—N and NO2-—N in the groundwater in the study area were within acceptable limits. The non carcinogenic risks of NO3-—N for humans should be addressed immediately, and it has greater impact on children than on adults. This research can provide a theoretical support for the risk prevention and control of local groundwater pollution.