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宋安利.陕北山地苹果节水灌溉制度研究——以绥德县为例水资源与水工程学报[J].,2021,32(3):219-224
陕北山地苹果节水灌溉制度研究——以绥德县为例
Water-saving irrigation scheduling of mountain apples in northern Shaanxi: A case study of Suide County
  
DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2021.03.30
中文关键词:  山地苹果  管灌  滴灌  灌溉方式  灌溉制度  陕北
英文关键词:mountain apple  pipe irrigation  drip irrigation  irrigation method  irrigation scheduling  northern Shananxi
基金项目:
作者单位
宋安利 (陕西省水文水资源勘测局 陕西 西安 721000) 
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中文摘要:
      为了缓解陕北山地苹果园的水分供需矛盾,提高水分有效利用率,提出适宜于该地区的节水灌溉制度。选取陕西省绥德县为代表性区域,利用该县1961-2017年的气象资料,采用水量平衡法,分析了该区苹果在滴灌与管灌下的充分与亏缺灌溉制度。结果表明:不同水文年,苹果树在前3个生育期均需灌溉,且主要集中在萌芽开花期与叶片生长期;对应于25%、50%、75%和95%的水文年,滴灌和管灌的充分灌水次数均分别为3、4、5和6次,滴灌灌溉定额分别为55、80、115和135 mm,管灌分别为85、125、175和200 mm;亏缺灌溉条件下灌水次数均在萌芽开花期减少1次,滴灌亏缺灌溉定额分别为50、80、110和120 mm,管灌分别为75、120、165和180 mm;亏缺灌溉推迟了灌溉时间但节水量并不大。
英文摘要:
      In order to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand, improve the water use efficiency of apple orchards in Northern Shaanxi, it is of great significance to formulate a water-saving irrigation schedule suitable for this region. Based on the meteorological data of Suide County over the period of 1961-2017, the sufficient and deficit irrigation scheduling of apple orchards under drip irrigation and pipe irrigation were analyzed using water balance method. The results showed that apple orchards should be irrigated in different hydrological years. All irrigation events should be implemented in the first three growth stages, especially in bud development & flowering stage and the leaf expansion stage. Under sufficient irrigation, irrigation times were 3、4、5、6 in different hydrological years (25%、50%、75%、95%), irrigation quota for drip irrigation and pipe irrigation were 55、80、115、135 mm and 85、125、175、200 mm, respectively. Under deficit irrigation, irrigation times were reduced by one time in bud development & flowering stage in different hydrological years, irrigation quota for drip irrigation and pipe irrigation were 50、80、110、120 mm and 75、120、165、180 mm, respectively. Compared with sufficient irrigation, deficit irrigation delayed the irrigation time, especially at bud development and flowering stage, but the effect of water-saving was not obvious.
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