To study the stress and damage of the concrete face slabs of homogeneous earth dams in cold regions under the dual action of ice sheet and soil frost heaving, field investigations were carried out on several large and medium-sized reservoirs in Kuitun River Basin and Manas River Basin in northern Xinjiang. Taking the concrete face slabs of the earth dam of Liugou Reservoir as the research object, we analyzed the internal stress distribution of the slabs under the action of ice sheet with reasonable hypothesis and basic theory of mechanics, based on which the criteria for judging frost heaving damage of concrete face slabs were put forward. The results show that the bending moment near the water surface line of the reservoir is the largest; it is where the concrete face slabs are prone to fracture and the cracks are often penetrating and parallel to the reservoir water surface line. Furthermore, the joint filling material on the top of the slabs under the ice sheet is prone to shear strength failure.