We analyzed the spatial-temporal variations of the actual surface evapotranspiration (ET) of Anhui Province and explored its correlations with the meteorological factors and non-meteorological factors, especially the influence of vegetation coverage change on ET. We applied the sub-pixel model, regression analysis and correlation analysis methods with the MODIS gridded 1000 m monthly evapotranspiration product(MODIS16A2), monthly vegetation index product(MODIS13A3) and meteorological data during the period of 2000-2014. The results indicated that the annual evapotranspiration of Anhui Province showed a downward trend with an increase in space from north to south during 2000-2014. However, the vegetation coverage had an increasing trend in the study area during the 15 years. The whole area was at medium to high vegetation coverage level with more than 36% of high vegetation coverage level over the years. The changes of ET in Anhui Province were more significantly affected by non-meteorological factors with a relative contribution degree of 68% during the study time series. Moreover, the monthly correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and ET was 0.8567, which varied with regional differences. In order to effectively improve the regional hydrological and ecological environment, we need to adapt to local conditions.