The main drinking water source in Jingbian County is groundwater, and the groundwater environment changes seriously affect the water supply amount. In order to clarify the changes in the groundwater environment in the view of time and space as well as the influencing factors, statistical and hydrogeochemical methods were used to analyze the results of groundwater level investigation and the 90 groundwater samples on the study area. The results showed that the groundwater level in most of the study area decreased significantly from 1995 to 2017, and a large-scale falling funnel has formed in Guojiamiao and other places. The concentration of TDS in groundwater increased significantly. Furthermore, TDS and NO-3 in some areas have exceeded standard requirements. It is found that the application of nitrogenous fertilizers has led to the excess of NO-3 in groundwater and the influence scope keeps expanding in the irrigation area. Therefore, reasonable measures should be taken in time to control the amount of groundwater exploitation, new irrigation methods and rational fertilization should be adopted to reduce the continuous decline of local groundwater level and water quality deterioration.