The runoff and sediment of Jinghe River have greatly reduced in recent years, which has affected the utilization of water resources along the bank to some extent. In order to determine the reduction degree and characteristics of runoff and sand, and to explore the driving factors, this paper studied the runoff and sediment series of Jinghe river by combining sliding T test, with Copula, Anomaly Accumulation Curve Method and other methods. Moreover, a SWAT model for Jinghe River basin was constructed based on the geographic information data of Jinghe River basin, and different scenarios were set up to study the response of runoff and sediment to climate and land use change in Jinghe River basin. The results showed that climate change contributes about 21.20% and 6.08% to runoff and sediment reduction. The land use change contributes about 4.04% and 11.08% to runoff and sediment reduction. Runoff and sediment changes in Jinghe River basin are not only the effect of climate change, but also land use and other human activities. Conclusions can be drawn that: the increasing water diversion and other water demand along the riverside is mainly count for the runoff reduced. Compared with runoff, sediment change is more sensitive to land use change, the reduction of sediment is mainly attributed to returning farmland to forest and grass, silt dam also plays an important part.