In order to comprehensively evaluate the present water poverty, urbanization development, and the coupling and coordination relationship between them in Hunan Province, the model of water poverty and urbanization development was set up to measure the water poverty and urbanization of Hunan Province in 2007-2017, and to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal changes of the coupling relationship between water poverty and urbanization using the coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that: First, the water poverty level in Hunan Province has decreased by 84.14%, and the urbanization development level has increased by 88.42% in the past ten years. Second, the differences in water poverty levels among cities (states) were significant but remain relatively stable, the spatial difference of urbanization development level is large and expanding.Third, the coupling degree between water poverty and urbanization is generally on the rise, which is extremely strong coupling. Coordination degree has increased by 63.5%, from mild disorder to a high degree of coordination. Fourth, there are significant differences in coordination degree between water poverty and urbanization development among cities and states, which can be divided into four types, namely good coordination type (Changsha City), primary coordination type (Zhuzhou City, Xiangtan City), reluctantly coordinated type (Changde City, Yueyang City, Hengyang City, Chenzhou City), and endangered type (Zhangjiajie City, Xiangxi State, Huaihua City, Yongzhou City, Shaoyang City, Loudi City, Yiyang City). Finally, we provided suggestions for the coordinated development of urbanization and water resources.