With the rapid development of industrialization, environmental pollution caused by a large number of coal mining has become increasingly severe. In order to protect the ecological environment of stone coal mining area in Ankang City, it is very important to understand the local pollutant migration rules. Therefore, based on the groundwater head data of February 2018 in Ankang City, a solute transport model was established by using the MT3DMS module of Visual Modflow to study the transport of various characteristic pollutants in polluted areas of coal mining plants under different conditions and to provide the corresponding pollution prevention and control suggestions. The results showed that: the excess area of the three characteristic pollutants(Al3+,Fe3+,NH+4) was between 1893-5975 m2 after 1000 d leakage without any treatments. When the impermeable layer is installed or the leakage detection frequency is increased, only 1693 m2 of NH+4 appears after the leakage of 1000 d, and the concentration of other pollutants is lower than the level of the limit.