As a typical representative of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine wetland ecosystem, Zoige wetland has undergone sharp contraction and degradation in recent years. Based on the characteristics of Zoige wetland, in order to understand the changes of soil texture, soil moisture, and nutrient of the wetland, 349 soil samples were taken and analyzed from six sample areas by combining field investigation and laboratory analysis to explore the impact of wetland ecosystem evolution on soil conditions. Results showed that the differences of soil texture change in space and vertical were small. The soil texture is loam for Huahu, sandy loam for Naruoqiao, Dashuiqu, Drainage area and Haqiuhu area, but loamy sand for Ximalaye area. The variation coefficient of pH value was the smallest, and the spatial variability was relatively weak. The coefficient of variation of organic matter was relatively large, followed by available phosphorus and available potassium. The organic matter decreased from the surface to 80cm, and the organic matter content for the six areas follows the order as Huahu>Naruoqiao>Drainage area>Haqiuhu>Dashuiqu>Ximalaye. The parameters of the soil water characteristic curve of different regions were significantly different in the Van Genuchten model. Parameter A and n in the Ximalaye and Dashuiqu area, where the soil water retention was lower, were significantly higher than the other areas. In this paper, based on the changes in soil properties, water and nutrient characteristics in different regions, some suggestions on Zoige wetland protection and management in different areas were also proposed to control soil desertification and improve the capacity of retaining water of wetland.