The isothermal adsorption equation was applied to screen the adsorption capacities of ammonia nitrogen of six substrates, three of which with the best adsorbability were selected and mixed with different ratios for the base of constructed wetlands. Adsorption kinetics experiments were carried out on remove ammonia nitrogen of the substrates under the different effect factors of temperature, initial concentration, and particle size. The removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen of different substrate combinations were tested, which were mixed in different ratios of the selected materials. The results showed that the best removal efficiency was at the ratio of 3∶1∶1 (zeolite∶bio-ceramic∶limestone), at which the adsorption capacity reached 283.814 mg/kg with a removal rate of 94.61%. Meanwhile, the adsorption amount of ammonia nitrogen decreased with increase of the test temperature. Although the increase of influent load could raise the adsorption amount, the adsorption efficiency decreased. The adsorption amount did not significantly vary with the particle size distribution. The correlation coefficient showed that the adsorption processes of ammonia nitrogen were better simulated by the quasi-second-order kinetics than the first-order kinetics. When estimating the influence of temperature on the amount of equilibrium adsorption, the first-order kinetic estimation was more accurate; however, the quasi-second-order kinetics was better when the influent load and particle size were changed.