Study on the variation rules of historical flood disasters can provide guidance for the prevention and reduction flood disasters. We collected the historical flood disasters data, and used the moving average, wavelet analysis and least square, to analyze the characteristics of flood disasters and the response to climate change in Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty. The results showed that: Flood disasters have occurred 87 times in Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty, with the mild, moderate, severe, and catastrophic flood disaster occurred 35, 28, 18, and 6 times, respectively. There were significant season differences to flood disasters. For the single-flood disaster, summer and autumn happened mostly, and for the two-season flood disaster, it mainly happened in summer and autumn. The flood disasters can be divided into five stages, the third stage (1732-1821) and the fifth stage (1882-1911) are the frequent periods. The first stage (1644-1681) is the secondary frequent periods. The second stage (1682-1731) and the fourth stage (1822-1881) are the less periods. There are periodic changes of 11, 30 years in flood disasters. The flood disaster was the response to the climate change in the Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty. In the period of less flood disaster, the climate was dry, the precipitation was less. In the period of frequent flood disaster, the climate was warm and wet and the precipitation increased. With six power polynomial fitting for flood disasters, the distribution of flood disasters in different periods was uneven, and the overall trend fluctated.