The highly intensive and contiguous human activities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BTH) of China pose more pressure on the problem of water shortage. With the improvement of life quality, the domestic water demand obviously rises, and has more impacts on the regional water use efficiency. However, the unbalanced regional development pattern leads to the difference of domestic water use efficiency not only between cities but also between urban and rural areas. In this study, we used the Tapio decoupling method to substantially analyze the spatial-temporal variation of the domestic water use and its efficiency of urban and rural areas of BTH based the long series of data from 2001 to 2015 from the perspective of the interaction between city and city and between city and its surroundings. We found: there existed obvious difference on the amount of domestic water use between urban and rural areas. The proportion of water consumption in urban and rural areas was 7∶3, and the proportion of water consumption per capita in urban and rural areas was 3∶1. In addition, the domestic water consumption of urban area was increasing over time while that was declining in rural area. There existed significant difference on the domestic water use efficiency between urban and rural areas. Except Beijing, the domestic water consumption of rural areas of the other cities was higher than that of urban areas. Moreover, the domestic water consumption efficiency of urban areas continuously improved at the early period, then reached the stable status. By contrast, the rural domestic water consumption increased firstly and then reduced. Our finding highlights that it is important to comprehensively consider the relation of different cities and their surrounding areas over regional scale to substantially improve the overall water use efficiency of BTH.