Based on the MODIS-NDVI data from 2003 to 2012, combined with the temperature and precipitation data of 23 weather stations, the NDVI change trend of the Boston Lake basin in 10 years and its response to temperature and precipitation were analyzed. The results showed that: During the past 10 years, the NDVI of Boston Lake basin showed a wavy rising tendency. The NDVI of the core oasis around Bayanbulak Grassland and Boston Lake increased significantly, while the NDVI of 87.35% areas in Boston Lake basin did not change significantly. In the past 10 years, the precipitation and temperature of the Boston Lake decreased. The temperature increase rate is increasing from the northwest of the basin to the southeastern part. The warming center is located in the core oasis area near Korla and Yanqi. The precipitation rate decreases from the northwest to the southwest. And the precipitation in the middle of the study area is the most obvious. On the inter-annual level, the NDVI in the Boston Lake basin was negatively correlated with the temperature in 10 years, and positively correlated with the precipitation. Areas that are significantly positively correlated with precipitation mainly distributed near the Baluntai Terrace and Bayanbulak. On the month level, the NDVI of the Boston Lake basin in April to October showed a strong positive correlation with the precipitation and temperature at the same time, and the lag phenomenon was not obvious.