Based on the input-output theory, the water resource input-output table of water consumption of Gansu Province in 2007 was complied. The direct water use coefficient, the total water use coefficient, and water consumption multiplier of Gansu province were calculated. The relations between water consumption in different departments were analyzed, Furthermore, the water resource input and output in process of the products input and output was analysed. Finally, suggestions were put forward to improve utilization efficiency of water resources, adjust industrial structure and develop tertiary industry in Gansu Province, which provides references for the sustainable development of Gansu Province.