The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a kind of simple and sensitive spectral signal to reflect the vegetation growth. It is beneficial to capture the spatial-temporal distribution of vegetation by using NDVI to retrieve the vegetation cover and dynamic changes in Aksu River Basin. In the background of global climate change, it has important significance in studying on the vegetation growth and changes in Aksu River Basin. According to the classification of land use types and the characteristics of the research area, the vegetation of the study area was divided into 5 types: woodlands, shrub land, meadows, gardens and farmland. The changes of NDVI of different vegetation types in Aksu river basin were analyzed by using 16d NDVI data, from February 2000 to December 2014. It reflected the growth of vegetation types and the change curves. The results show that the NDVI of woodlands, shrub land and farmland from 2000-2014 in Aksu River Basin showed a downward trend, whereas the NDVI of meadows and gardens showed an upward trend. The minimum values of NDVI were in winter (January to February), while the maximum values of NDVI were in summer (July to August). From March to May, the NDVI value had been racing up, whereas from September to November, the NDVI value had been rapidly falling off. The coverage of farmland and gardens increased obviously but the coverage of woodlands, shrub land and meadows decreased.