The circulation and occurrence of water resource suffers damage from the coal resources' exploitation, which influences the vegetation that has strong dependency on water resource, especially in arid and semi-arid region. In this paper the effect of coal resources' exploitation on the surface water, groundwater, soil water and vegetation is elaborated. The relationship between groundwater and vegetation is introduced. The advanced research of water consumption character of vegetation is also analyzed, and some feasible suggestions for later studies are put forward in this paper. The results are useful for understanding the impact of coal resources' exploitation on water resource and its ecological effects, and then providing scientific basis for coal mining craft improvement, groundwater resource exploitation and ecological environmental protection.