The problems of water environment pollution is becoming more and more serious due to the human's over fishing and the construction of water conservancy projects, which cause serious destroys to the cold water fish resources in the Songhua River Basin. Based on the field survey data of cold water fish in Songhua River basin from 2013 to 2015, the present situation and the living environment characteristics of cold water fish were analyzed.Statistical analysis was used to analyze the relationship between cold water fish and environmental factors, and the potential distribution model of cold water fish was established by the logistic regression analysis.The results showed that, the longitude, latitude, altitude and air temperature had significant effects on the distribution of cold water fish. Cold water fish were mainly distributed in the headwaters and upstream regions of rivers, tributaries, streams and mountain rivers. The established model was used to predict the potential distribution of cold water fish in the Songhua River basin, and the predicted river was consistent with the literature, indicating that this model can effectively predict species distribution.