The Haihe River Plain is the political and cultural center, the industrial and agricultural production base of China, but also the hardest hit area by the high fluorine groundwater. It is important to investigate the distribution law, influencing factors and health risk of high fluorine groundwater in the area for the regional social economic development and water ecological civilization construction. According to the fluoride detection data of 269 monitoring wells in 2014 and 2015 of the Haihe River Plain, the highest fluoride concentration in groundwater in the study area was 2.26mg/L. High fluorine water was mainly distributed in the middle of the study area, and the primary geological conditions and human activities were main factors that influence the formation of high fluorine water. Non carcinogenic substance health risk assessment model was used for the quantitative assessment of health risk of high fluorine water area, and the area of fluoride health risk is about 0.45×10-8. To avoid high fluorine harm, many aspects of water resources optimization, water quality monitoring, rational exploitation of groundwater and other measures should be implemented.