Tailing pond is a necessary construction for mining production, which has a profound impact on the surrounding ecological environment. This paper takes a copper mine at southern Gansu Province as the research object, using Visual MODFLOW to establish visible three-dimensional hydrogeological model. The MT3DMS module was used to simulate and predict solute transport characteristics of 4 kinds of pollutants under two kinds of working conditions (no impervious layer and damaged impervious layer) so as to verify the reliability of the tailings pond and provide the basis for the surrounding environment pollution control. The results indicated that the pollutants transported along the flow direction in the groundwater, and the pollutant concentration decreased with the increase of the migration distance. Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen's migration distance were far, the impact on the water environment was more than that of total arsenic and six valence chromium; compared with no impervious layer, tailings with anti-seepage measures can effectively reduce the risks of groundwater pollution.