Based on the assessment indicator system of urbanization and water resource, in this paper a coupling coordination degree model between them was constructed, and then the spatiotemporal variations of coupling relationship between urbanization and water resource environment of Wan river city belt were analyzed. The result showed that, from 2005 to 2014, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and water resource environment of Wan river city belt ranged between 0.3852 and 0.8336 and had a fluctuant increasing trend, most of the years belonged to high-coordination couplings. Spatially, an obvious difference in coupling degree between urbanization and water resources environment was detected among the 9 prefecture-level cities, characterized by high value in the southeast and low value in the northwest areas, of which Hefei had the highest coupling degree (0.8168) while Lu'an had the lowest value (0.3506). Most cities belonged to three typs of middle, high, or extreme coupling degree level, and a congruent relationship could be seen between coupling degree and economic development level among different areas.