According to the historical materials, the paper studied the variation stages，special variation ,grades and trends of drought disaster in Guanzhong region from 1900 to 2000.The results showed that drought disasters accurred 53 times and averagely occurred one time per 1.9 year.The frequency of drought disaster increased continuely.The drought disasters in Guanzhong area are dominated by the moderate ones which was 23 times and occupied 43.4% of the total;follow was the Light drought of 14 times which occupied 26.4% and the big drought disaster of 13which occupied 25%; the greatest drought disaster occurred 3 times and occupied 6% of the total.The regional and seasonal differences of drought disaster in the Guanzhong area for recent 100 years was obvious.The drought disaster mainly accurred in middle and west area of Guanzhong. The number of drought disaster in Weinan region was the most and more than that in other regions;the drought disaster mainly occurred in summer and spring ,and occupied 20% and 11.3% of tatal disasters. The trend of drought disaster was first decrease and then increase in Guanzhong region for recent 100 years. The drougth disaster gradually reduced from the 20th century to the 1970s,but increased little more from 1970s to 2000.The climate type,geography location and human activity in Guanzhong region are the main reasons for the happening of drought disaster.