In order to study the evolution characteristics of water cycle system in Wuliangsuhai river basin under the background of climate change,the paper used the meteorological data of 51 years from 13 meteorological stations in Wuliangsuhai river basin from 1961 to 2011 to analyze the change trend of temperature, precipitation, evaporation. The result shows that temperature remarkably increases, the interannual fluctuations of precipitation and evaporation are bigger but do not show obvious change trend.At the same time,it analyzed the water consumption, water level change and land use of lake.The result show that cultivated land is increasing rapidly, grassland woodland is reduced,the water level and area of lake are reduced, and the water resources contradiction intensifies.The climate change and human activity have a significant effect on the evolution of water cycle system in Wuliangsuhai river basin.