To improve the efficiency of rural water conservancy facilities in China, it is necessary to reationly measure the value of efficiency.This paper introduced SBM directional distance function into the research on the efficiency of rural water conservancy facilities in China.From 2005 to 2013, there is a big regional difference of input and output of rural water conservancy facilities between each province,which presents a east-middle-west format that means the efficiency of the east area is the highest, than that of the middle area and the west area. From angle of element,the main reasons of inefficiency are redundant labour input and the lack of agricultural total value,drainage area and rural hydropower generation capacity.