The research foundation of Nujiang River seriously lags behind the demand of protection and exploitation of river basin resources.The paper used the long record of monthly runoff and suspended sediment transport at the three hydrological gauge stations in Nujiang river mainstream, and applied the concentrated rate and period, Mann-Kendall test and R/S (Rescaled Range Analysis) methods to study the temporal and spatial characteristics, the change trend of runoff and sediment transport in he period of 1964 to 2011.The results showed that: the runoff in Nujiang River mainstream increased slowly, but sediment transport rise significantly; the concentrated rate of annual sediment transport allocation is much larger than that of runoff;the concentrated rate of annual runoff and sediment transport allocation appears decline trend.and in space it presents a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream; the average concentrated period of annual runoff and sediment transport allocation is in the middle July,and is slightly ahead of those of precipitation; the concentrated rate of annual runoff allocation do not produce mutation, and the concentrated rate of annual sediment transport allocation produce mutation began in 1977,and the the concentrated rate appeared the evident downward trend after 1995; In the Nujiang river mainstream, the concentrated rate of annual runoff and sediment transport allocation will still continue the fluctuation downward trend,and the downward trend of concentrated rate of annual sediment transport will be more obvious than that of runoff.