水资源与水工程学报

李渝，张雅蓉，张文安，蒋太明.贵州黄壤地区不同施肥处理及降雨量对玉米产量的影响水资源与水工程学报[J].,2015,26(1):230-235

贵州黄壤地区不同施肥处理及降雨量对玉米产量的影响

Effects of different fertilizer controls and precipitation on corn yield in yellow soil region of Guizhou

DOI：10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2015.01.045

英文关键词:corn fertilizer control rainfall agronomic traits corn yield yellow soil region

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD40B03-2)；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合NY字［2011］3012号）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201203030)；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合院所创能［2011］4002号）

作者	单位
李渝^1,2，张雅蓉^1,2，张文安^1,2，蒋太明^2,3	（1.贵州省农业资源与环境研究所，贵州贵阳 550006； 2.农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站，贵州贵阳 550006； 3.贵州省农业科学院，贵州贵阳 550006）

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中文摘要:

为了研究黄壤区不同施肥处理及降雨量对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响，选取2010-2012年间贵州黄壤长期定位监测点中对照、单施常量有机肥、氮磷钾化肥配施及常量有机肥与常量氮磷钾肥配施4个处理，并结合3年作物生长期不同降雨情况进行分析。结果表明：穗粒数与降雨量极显著相关，r=0.425，株高与施肥处理相关性最高，r=0.905，降雨量丰沛年份（2010年作物生长期降雨量888.5 mm及2012年1031.5 mm），玉米产量受降雨量与施肥处理交互影响，增产效果明显；不同施肥处理、降雨量对穗粒数和行粒数影响较明显，以2012年（1031.5 mm）MNPK处理值最高，分别高出2010年（888.5 mm）、2011年（497.3 mm）MNPK处理10%，13%和17%，1%，且高出2012年CK处理58%和18%；高降雨量和MNPK处理增产效果显著，降雨丰沛的2010和2012年，MNPK处理玉米籽粒产量、秸秆产量及生物产量分别高出2011年13%，17%，15%和18%，12%，15%。

英文摘要:

In order to study the effects of different amount of fertilizers and rainfall on agronomic traits and yield of corn, the four treatments such as no fertilizer, organic manure, chemical fertilizer, combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure were selected to analyze the situation under different fertilizer controls and precipitation in Guizhou from 2010 to 2012. The results showed that kernels per spike highly correlated with precipitation and the correlation index was 0.425, the plant height had the highest correlation with fertilizer controls and the correlation index was 0.905, years of highly precipitation(888.5mm , 1031.5mm for 2010 and 2012 respectively), the corn yield was affected by interaction of precipitation and fertilizer controls, and had significant yield-increasing effect. Different fertilizer controls and precipitation had obvious effect on kernels per spike and kernel number per row, and control of MNPK in 2012 (1031.5mm)was the highest, 10%, 13% and 17%, 1% higher than that of 2010(888.5mm),2011(497.3mm),respectively, and 58%,18% higher than CK. The higher precipitation and MNPK control had significantly yield-increasing effect, in highly precipitation year of 2010 and 2012,the grain yield, straw yield and biological yield of corn, 13%,17%,15% and 18%,12%,15% higher than that of 2011,respectively.

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