The study on change of hydrological features and its driving factors has guiding significance for development and utilization and protection of water resources, water and soil conservation and construction of ecological environment. Taking the Gushanchuan Basin as the research area, the paper analyzed the trend of the rainfall, runoff and sediment with Kendall method from 1956 to 2009 ,extracted its period with wavelet transformation, and find the change point of runoff and sediment series with the orderly cluster method, and finally analyzed the influence of climate change and human activities on runoff and sediment. The result shows that nearly 54 years, the precipitation in Gushanchuan Basin have no notable change ,while the runoff and sediment reduced significantly;annual runoff and sediment discharge have the period of 5,14 and 28 years and mutated in 1979 and 1996.The contribution of climate change and human activities to the reduce of annual runoff have different values in different times, at the transitional period of human activities having influence on underlying surface, the contribution rates are 72.2% and 27.8% respectively. From the mid 1990's to the beginning of 21 century, the contribution rates are 27.8% and 72.8% respectively. The result will provide a science reference for the development and utilization of water resources and optimal allocation.