Research on the hydrochemistry characteristics of Qin River (Henan Province) in winter can provide a guidance for water environment protection and water resources utilization. So water samples were collected from 9sampling points at Qin River and Yellow River and tested main ions and heavy metal. The paper analyzed the hydrochemistry characteristics by using the water chemistry and factor analysis methods. The results show that along the flow path, the style of hydrochemistry changes from Ca2+－SO42-+HCO3[KG-*3]- to Ca2+－HCO3[KG-*3]- in Qin River. Ca2+ account for 51% of the total cations and HCO3[KG-*3]- for 51% of the total anions. There is a great difference between Yellow River and Qin River and mainly reflect in Na+ and Cl-. The nitrate concentration of Qin River is not change very much, the average concentration of nitrate is 15.34mg/L (NO3[KG-*3]-). And it showed a rising trend of ammonia concentration along flow path of Qin River, the average concentration of ammonia was 1.42mg/L (NH3-N). Therefore, the style of hydrochemistry is controlled by nature in Qin River(Henan) in winter. Nitrate of Qin River is main from groundwater and ammonia is main from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.