水资源与水工程学报

文章摘要

轩晓博，乔明叶，石畅，鲍珊珊，封硕，赵文靖.节水灌溉条件下微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤健康及向日葵生长的影响Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering[J].,2025,36(2):181-190

节水灌溉条件下微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤健康及向日葵生长的影响

Effects of microbial fertilizer on soil health and sunflower growth in saline-alkali soil under water-saving irrigation

DOI：10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2025.02.21

中文关键词: 盐碱地微生物菌肥节水灌溉土壤改良向日葵河套灌区

英文关键词: saline-alkali soil microbial fertilizer water-saving irrigation soil improvement sunflower Hetao Irrigation District

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3202400）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2021M701374）；黄河设计院自主研究开发项目（2021KY024）

Author Name	Affiliation
XUAN Xiaobo^1,2, QIAO Mingye^1,2, SHI Chang^1,2, BAO Shanshan^1,2, FENG Shuo^1,2, ZHAO Wenjing^1,2	（1.黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司，河南郑州 450003； 2.水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室（筹），河南郑州 450003）

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中文摘要:

为了探究节水灌溉条件下微生物菌肥改良盐碱地的效果，选取向日葵作为典型作物，在河套灌区进行了田间试验。试验设置了灌溉梯度（节水0、10%、20%）和ETS微生物菌肥（托马斯菌群和巴斯德菌群）施用梯度（0、3 000、4 500 kg/hm²），研究了不同节水灌溉条件下微生物菌肥配比对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及向日葵生长的影响。结果表明：在施用微生物菌肥（固体4 500 kg/hm²和液体180 L/hm²）条件下，与不节水处理相比，节水20%显著降低了土壤容重和pH值，并显著提高了土壤含水率、总孔隙度及有机质以及全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量(P<0.05)；节水20%显著改善了向日葵的茎粗和产量(P<0.05)，但对株高和盘径无显著影响(P>0.05)；变形菌门、蓝细菌门、芽单胞菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门等是河套灌区盐碱土壤中的优势菌门，优势菌属包括Chloroplast和S0134_terrestrial_group等；土壤含水率与放线菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；土壤有机质与芽单胞菌门、浮霉菌门、S0134_terrestrial_group之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，并与厚壁菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；土壤全氮与芽单胞菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、黏球菌门、NB1-j、Rokubacteriales之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。在节水灌溉条件下施用微生物菌肥有利于向日葵对水肥的利用，并在节水和土壤改良方面表现出显著成效。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effect of microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil under water-saving irrigation, a field experiment on sunflowers was carried out in Hetao Irrigation District. Different combination of irrigation gradients (0%, 10%, 20% water-saving condition) and ETS microbial fertilizer (Thomas microbiota and Pasteurella microbiota) application gradients (0; 3,000; 4,500 kg/hm²) were established to examine the impact of microbial fertilizer treatments on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and sunflower growth under different water-saving irrigation conditions. The results show that for the application of 4,500 kg/hm² solid microbial fertilizer and 180 L/hm² liquid microbial fertilizer, 20% water-saving condition significantly reduced the soil bulk density and pH, significantly increased the soil moisture content, total porosity, as well as the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (P<0.05), compared with 0% water-saving condition. The stem diameter and sunflower yield were also improved (P<0.05); whereas the stem height and disc diameter showed no significant change (P>0.05). Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota were the dominant phyla in the saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District, with Chloroplast, and S0134_terrestrial_group as the dominant genera. Soil moisture content showed a significant negative correlation with Actinobacteriota (P<0.05); organic matter showed a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, and S0134_terrestrial_group, and a significant negative correlation with Firmicutes (P<0.05); soil total nitrogen showed a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Myxococcota, NB1-j, and Rokubacteriales (P<0.05). The application of microbial fertilizer under water-saving irrigation is conducive to water saving, soil improvement and the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer in sunflower.

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