Mid-channel bars play an important role in natural habitat conservation and river channel stability. Recently, the ecological status of mid-channel bars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are afflicted by multiple adverse factors, which have seriously damaged the natural habitats. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the habitat quality of mid-channel bars. In response to the policy of Yangtze River Conservation, eight indices from both natural and social attributes were selected to construct an evaluation index system for terrestrial habitat health of mid-channel bars based on the data of 44 mid-channel bars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The weight of each index was assigned by the combined weighting method of analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. Then, the health status of the terrestrial habitat of Tianxing Island was analyzed as the case study. The results show that the importance of natural attribute factors is ranked as follows: days of exposure in the water-land ecotone, diversity of terrestrial plant species, vegetation coverage, and diversity of terrestrial animal species. Whereas that of social attribute factors is in the following order: area change rate, permeability of protection works, water quality, and stability of protection works. It is found that the social attributes have a greater impact on habitats than the natural attributes. Among the bars, 27% are in a very healthy state, 62% are in a healthy state, and the rest 11% are in a sub-healthy state. Moreover, as the distance from the Three Gorges Dam increases, there is a clear trend of increasing habitat health index along the course. Among the eight indices, the area change rate and permeability of protection works exhibit the worst habitat conditions. The overall score for the terrestrial habitat of the Tianxing Island is 72.81, indicating a generally healthy state.