Based on the concept of sponge city construction, the effects of filter element seepage wells on the runoff reduction were studied under different underlying surfaces using a self-designed rainfall simulator, and monitoring wells were arranged to record the water level changes for the evaluation of the seepage performance of the filter element seepage well. The experimental results showed that the arrangement of the filter element seepage wells can effectively increase soil permeability and reduce the accumulation of surface runoff. When the soil depth is constant, the volumetric moisture content of soil decreases with the increase of horizontal spacing; when the horizontal spacing is constant, the volumetric moisture content of soil decreases with the increase of the soil depth. To some extent, the conclusion verifies that the filter element seepage well can improve the soil infiltration efficiency and reduce surface runoff. This approach can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of sponge city and the reconstruction of old residential areas.